Mahani Musa

is a lecturer in History at the School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, her current research interest is Malaysian social history. She is the author of Malay Secret Societies in the Northern Malay States, 1821-1940s.

2 posts

Muslim Mercantile Activities in George Town Before The Second World War

9 min read

BUSINESS AND TRADING ACTIVITIES were not foreign to the Malays at the time when Francis Light occupied Penang on August 11, 1786; various bazaars were opened by Chinese, Indians and Muslims from Kedah to sell essential goods like foodstuffs, rice, spices, clothing and other items.

by Mahani Musa

Mahani Musa

Chinese and Muslim Societies As Natural Allies

7 min read

Very little has been written on the existence of two Muslim secret societies in Penang, namely the Red and the White Flags, and their association with the Chinese secret societies, the Toa Peh Kong and Ghee Hin.

by Mahani Musa

Mahani Musa