Bukit Kota & Bukit Indera Muda: A Former Socio-Political Centre

Bukit Kota & Bukit Indera Muda: A Former Socio-Political Centre
The expedition in 2022 surveying Bukit Guar Ipoh, and the panorama facing Kampung Kota and parts of Bukit Indera Muda in the background. Source: Nabil Nadri.

BACK IN 2022, we and a team from Gerila Sejarah Pulau Pinang (GSPP) decided to further explore the history of the Malay community in Penang by directing our attention to several historical areas on the mainland, or what we call “seberang”. The area around Sungai Dua has been known for important historical anecdotes concerning the 1700s to the 1800s; it was there that Malays, led by Tunku Sulaiman, the son of Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah of Kedah (r.1778-1797) coordinated many interactions among various Malay sultanates, Siam and the British.

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